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Principle of Molecular Sieve Adsorption

Release Date:

2023-04-10

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Molecular sieves (also known as synthetic zeolites) are microporous crystalline aluminosilicates. Their basic framework consists of silicon–oxygen and aluminum–oxygen tetrahedra, with metal cations—such as Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, and Li⁺—present in the crystal lattice to balance the excess negative charge. Molecular sieves are primarily classified according to their crystal structures into types such as Type A, Type X, and Type Y.

Adsorption is a physical phenomenon in which gaseous or liquid substances (adsorbates) are retained on the surface of a solid (adsorbent). This solid (adsorbent) possesses an active surface characterized by numerous micropores, and the molecules of the adsorbate are held in place by attractive forces acting at the adsorbent’s surface. The magnitude of these attractive forces depends on:

The structure of the adsorbent surface (microporosity);

The partial pressure of the adsorbate;

Temperature.

Adsorption is accompanied by heat release and is a reversible process, similar to condensation:

If the pressure is increased, the adsorption capacity increases.

Lowering the temperature increases the adsorption capacity.

Keywords:

Principle of Molecular Sieve Adsorption

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